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For his continuing activities in strengthening ties between Israeli and German scientists

All the speakers at the ceremony noted the good but delicate relations between Germany and Israel and stressed the importance of the language of science as a bridge and trust builder. Technion President, Prof. Peretz Lavie, said that the Technion was conceptualized at the University of Berlin and set up by German born Jewish scientists. “The good relations were cut off brutally and horribly in World War II,” he said. “Since then, the complex relations between our two states have been recovering, and this requires dedicated people like Prof. Apeloig who contribute continuously to the improvement of these relations. The language which Prof. Apeloig has chosen is the language of science.”

Ambassador Michaelis said that this is the first time that he is granting the award in Israel. “The scientific cooperation between Germany and Israel is great and deep,” he emphasized. “You, Prof. Apeloig, are one of the most important contributors to this cooperation.”

The Mayor of Haifa, Attorney Yona Yahav, said that his city has close relations with five cities in Germany.

Prof. Apeloig expressed his thanks for receiving the award. He said it was not easy for him when he began working in cooperation with German scientists. “Both Zipi, my wife, and myself come from families of Holocaust survivors. I was born in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, where my family had fled from Poland. I grew up with harsh feelings towards Germany. This wasn’t a promising prologue to my stay in Germany for my post-doctorate, where I went when I followed my supervisor from Princeton. The German scientists showed me another side of Germany and since then I have been to Germany many times, German scientists have visited the Technion many times, I made friendswith many of them, and some have become lifelong friends. I believe very strongly that science can serve as a bridge of friendship between nations.”

Prof. Apeloig has visited Germany many times with his students for conferences, with the support of the Minerva Foundation. One of these visits was to, a charming conference site belonging to the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. 65 people attended the meeting, and of these, 18 were scientists and the remainder, chemistry and physics students, half from Germany and half from Israel. These meetings, which combine science, study workshops and social events, are very important. About this meeting, Prof. Apeloig said: “This was an important, interesting and exciting event, which will contribute to the strengthening of the cooperation between Israeli and German scientists and the creation of a bridge between future scientists in both countries.”

There are 11 Minvera Centers in the Technion and within this framework Prof. Appeloig, together with Prof. Sason Shaik of the Hebrew University, established “The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry.”

The University of Berlin previously awarded Prof. Apeloig an “Honorary Doctorate” degree – making him the first Israeli to be presented with this distinguished honorary degree by this university, where the Technion in Haifa was conceptualized more than a hundred years ago. The heads of the university said then that Prof. Apeloig received the honorary doctorate for his important scientific achievements in the research of chemistry of organosilicon complexes, and emphasized his great contribution to the advancement of scientific relations with German scientists.

Above: Prof. Yitzhak Apeloig (on the left) receiving the award from the German ambassador to Israel, Andreas Michalis. Photo by: Yoav Bechar, Technion photographer

The whole of the Technion celebrated last weekend with Nobel laureate, Distinguished Prof. Danny Shechtman, who leaves next week for Stockholm for the award ceremony. “Our delight is not just because one of our own won the world’s most esteemed prize but, rather, because scientific truth won,” said Technion President, Prof. Peretz Lavie.

The Swedish ambassador to Israel, Elinor Hammarskjöld, in her talk also spoke of Prof. Shechtman’s firm stand for many years against the opinion of the entire scientific world regarding his discovery. “We admire not only the discovery of quasicrystals, but also your scientific way,” she told the Nobel laureate.

Haifa Mayor, Yona Yahav (Attorney), made Prof. Shechtman an honorary citizen of Haifa. “The good news is that the decision was a unanimous one by the City Council. The not-so-good news is that the decision does not exempt you from having to pay city taxes,” said the Mayor to the laughing listeners.

The Nobel winner for Chemistry in 2004, Distinguished Prof. Aaron Ciechanover of the Technion’s Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, said to Prof. Danny Shechtman: “Welcome to the club. Today you are joining an exceptional group.” Regarding the winning of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry thus far by four Israeli scientists (Professors Avram Hershko, Ada Yonat, Danny Shechtman and himself), Prof. Ciechanover said, “Chemistry today is a much broader concept than the narrow one that up to now has been generally recognized.”

Prof. Shechtman thanked the large audience: “I usually do not get emotional,” he said. “This evening I am overwhelmed. I feel a lot of warmth here. I feel good standing next to the lectern. Here is where I began teaching the course I founded 25 years ago in order to encourage technological entrepreneurship in the state of Israel. I am a Zionist and I want this country to be a good place to live. From here I call for good education for everyone because without good education there will be no revitalization.”

He revealed that he and Mayor Yona Yahav have decided to promote an initiative for scientific education for preschool children in Haifa. “I will do all I can to promote education in the state of Israel,” he promised.

The ceremony moderator was the Dean of the Faculty of Materials Engineering at the Technion, Prof. Wayne Kaplan.

In the picture: Prof. Shechtman thanking his well-wishers. On the left – Prof. Peretz Lavie, Technion President. Photography by: Shlomo Shoham, Technion Spokesman.

During the 17^th Annual Seminar on Patient-Physician Relations held by the Technion’s Faculty of Medicine:

“Transgender patients are still met with hostility, belittlement and vast ignorance by the medical establishment.” Thus said researchers during the 17^th Annual Prof. Aaron Valero Memorial Seminar on Patient-Physician Relations. Prof. Aaron Valero was one of the founders of the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion.

The seminar, which took place in the Faculty of Medicine, focused on a very unique community – people who turn to psychiatrists and surgeons despite being of sound mind and body. This is the community of transgender people – persons born into bodies that are not the “right body” for them. “Nature betrayed us,” in the words of Paola, a young transgender woman who spoke to the audience about her experiences and her coping with the medical system.

 “We as doctors must understand who these people are, what their feelings are and what their expectations from us are,” said the moderator, Dr. Rabinovitch. “In contrast to a homosexual, who can begin to live his new life the moment he admits to his orientation or at the moment when he “comes out of the closet”, a transgender person needs medical assistance in realizing the physical change in his body to which he aspires. And we, physicians, do not always know how to “deal” with him, how to talk to him; is it a him or a her?”

Nora Greenberg, a gender specialist who consults to the transgender community, said that these people experience gender incongruence given that their gender identity does not match their bodies and their sexual organs. “This gap causes great distress, which impacts on the person’s life and prevents him from living a full life. The only way to relieve this distress is to expose the real gender emotions and live according to them. Since the body is an important part of their identity experience, and primarily their sexual identity experience, it is no wonder that many transgender people want to change it in order to acquire the characteristics of the gender with which they identify. To do this they require physicians and medicine.”

Ms. Greenberg said that it is very important that the physician address his transgender patient in language that matches the patient’s independent gender designation. “Ignoring the patient’s independent designation positions the physician and the patient on two sides of a power divide. This is an aggressive action that negates not only the patient’s gender identification feelings, but also destroys any chance for a therapeutic relationship based on mutual respect and trust. The person coming to us is someone who is uncomfortable in his present body – his body is essentially his problem. Therefore, as those who are going to treat this body and change it, we must be very sensitive in our discussions with the patient and the treatment itself. First of all, we must ask him which gender we should use to address him (male/female), and respect his answer. We must talk to the person – and not to his present body.”

Following the lecture by Ms. Greenberg, A., a young medical student who has just finished his sixth year of studies, came up to speak. He told his life story. “I have an older sister and a younger sister and we were always called “the girls.” This really bothered me but I did not understand why. In school a soccer club opened but the coach wouldn’t allow me to play – ‘it’s only for boys’, he said. At the age of 16, when my girlfriends talked about setting up a home, I felt somewhat uncomfortable. They didn’t understand why, and in reality, I also didn’t understand.

 “Today I am 30 years old. At the age of 23 I heard for the first time the term transgender from a transgender person. Suddenly someone put into words what I had been feeling all my life – that I am not in the right body. It is immensely lonely to live without understanding, without having the words to describe what you feel, without being able to explain. This meeting changed everything.

 “Today it is clear to me who I am. I did not need a doctor to agree with this diagnosis. But this discovery was just the beginning of the way. I gradually told my friends and family, and after the fact, it was clear that it would have been a lot easier for them to accept an announcement that I had cancer. The dissonance, the gap between my wonderful self-discovery and society’s reaction, was not easy.”

 “And then – the medical procedures: a meeting with my family doctor, a psychiatrist, an endocrinologist. The surgical procedure. These meetings were very difficult – each doctor, each nurse and each medical secretary were sure that it was ok for them to ask every kind of question, invasive as it may be. “How did your parents react? How does your girlfriend feel about the surgery?” – these are questions that would never be asked in any other patient-medical staff encounter. There were also wonderful physicians along the way, but the antagonism, the ignorance and the voyeurism were very hard. These people did not understand how sensitive we are to our body – because it is our problem. If we were innocent souls, without bodies, we wouldn’t have any problem.”

 “The medical community, in general, relates to these kinds of people as a curiosity,” said Ms. Greenberg. Correct relations between patients and their doctors require an entirely different kind of connection, the center of which is respect for the person – even if this is the middle of the nightshift in the Emergency Department. These people are not ill and are not disturbed – they come to us because they are suffering a dissonance (a gap) between their bodies and their identity. Our job is to help them on the physical level, without harming them.

 “The present definition of the ‘problem’ of these people is Gender Identity Disorder,” said Ms. Greenberg. “I am happy to say that in the soon-to-appear next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, the definition will be changed to Gender Dysphoria, with the definition of the disorder relating to the distress caused by the lack of sexual congruence, and not to the cross-gender gender identification itself.

 “Transgender people have suffered a lot from the pathologization of their identity. Over the past few years, we are seeing a growing trend of de- pathologization, one of whose expressions is the above mentioned change in the DSM. In the past, medicine has tried to oversee the treatment of these people through conservative and rigid treatment models into which patients were supposed to fit. In the last few years, with the establishment of the transgender model with its many facets, a more open treatment approach has become accepted, with many options, and with the treatment being offered changing from patient to patient in response to their needs.

 “In general, the historical process is moving in a positive direction: the perception whereby a person must prove that he is an ‘authentic’ transgender person is changing into an understanding that gender identification is not dichotomous (male or female, without any state of in-between) but rather a continuum with, at one end, pure femininity and at the other end, pure masculinity. No real person exists at either of these two extremes – we are all somewhere in between.

“Despite these positive developments, transgender patients still face hostility, belittlement and immense ignorance on the part of the medical establishment. The basic problem is the existing gender conformity, and the fact that most physicians belong to the ruling majority, that is, the cisgender population – people who are not transgender and identify with the gender into which they were born. Like many of the cisgender population, doctors also suffer largely from transphobia – hatred, disgust and fear of transgender persons or abound with the cis-normative approach, that is, the belief that the cisgender identity is natural, healthy and better than transgenderism and every divergence from it is a type of deviation.

“The stage most necessary on the way to change is the understanding by every doctor that he or she belongs to a social system. There is no purely individual person. Therefore, if the doctor belongs to the ruling group, the cisgender group, he must be aware of this, because his behavior is affected by this affiliation. In the next stage, he must be prepared to waive his power as a cisgender person, not his power and knowledge as a doctor – these are essential – but his feelings of superiority, of which he is usually unaware, which do not enable him to understand the patient as a whole and real person.”

In addition to Nora Greenberg and A., another two transgender people who underwent surgery to change gender and life their lives in line with the feelings of their authentic gender identity spoke: Paola, a psychology graduate, and Shamai, a rabbi and social activist, told the audience about their experiences with doctors.

The late Prof. Aaron Valero, a founder of the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, was born in Jerusalem in 1913 and died 11 years ago. After completing his studies at Gymnasia Yerushalyim (1932), he went to Birmingham, England to study medicine. With the outbreak of World War II he returned to Israel and then served with the British Army in the Persian Gulf. At the end of the war he returned to Israel, moved to Haifa and worked at Poriya Hospital and Rambam Hospital where he set up the Department of Internal Medicine.

Following the decision to establish a medical school at the Technion, Prof. Valero founded the first course “Introduction to Internal Medicine – Physical Diagnosis”, and he was the first to teach the course in reading ECGs. Prof. Rosalie Bar said that Prof. Valero “was an outstanding doctor, an exceptional clinician, introverted and modest, who ran his department primarily by being a role model. He was an exemplar of gentlemanly patient-physician relations, as he had been taught in Birmingham.”

Researchers from the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion and from Utrecht University in the Netherlands showed that chemotherapy drugs, beyond their ability to kill tumor cells, are also able to increase the risk of a metastic process in mice. A number of different mechanisms have been suggested in order to explain the metastic process after chemotherapy and it may be that these mechanisms coexist. Dr. Yuval Shaked of the Technion and Prof. Emile Voest of Utrecht University published their findings in the scientific journal, Cancer Research.

Researchers in Dr. Yuval Shaked’s laboratory have been working for several years on trying to understand how cancer cells successfully escape conventional therapy and why they can develop resistance to different types of therapies. In opposition to other studies in the field, which generally concentrate on the ability of cancer cells  to develop resistance to therapy, this lab focuses on a different area: the working hypothesis is that in addition to changes initiated in the cancer cells following therapy, other cells in the host – the human body – also change, and are liable, in effect, to contribute to tumor growth, and the development of resistance to treatment. In other words, the tumor “calls” for help following treatment and the host cells respond to this call.

In practice, this group previously showed that the process of new blood vessel creation in cancer – a critical process in tumor development – becomes aggressive specifically after anti-cancer treatment, e.g., after chemotherapy. The creation of new blood vessels during cancer growth is a well-known process but in earlier research by this group, they found that the generation of blood vessels in cancer becomes significant and intensive after different chemotherapy treatments. As a result, this can explain, at least in part,  the success of therapies that incapacitate new blood vessels only when combined with different chemotherapy treatments but not when administered alone. This work, which was published a number of years ago in the scientific journal Cancer Cell, motivated Dr. Shaked’s lab to continue investigating the link between anti-cancer treatment and the way cancer cells respond during different stages of therapy – the response requires the assistance of various cells found in the host.

Recently, two papers were published in Cancer Research by two separate teams of researchers – one by the Technion (Dr. Yuval Shaked) and the second by a team from Utrecht University (Prof. Emile Voest). The papers showed that chemotherapy drugs, asides from their ability to kill tumor cells, are also able to increase the risk of metastatic spread in mice. A number of different mechanisms have been suggested for explaining the metastatic spread process following chemotherapy, and it is likely that these mechanisms coexist.

Dr. Svetlana Gingis-Velitski,  the leading researcher in the Technion’s team, demonstrated that plasma from mice primed with chemotherapy drugs cause cancer cells to undergo a process similar to that of metastatic cells. She found that one reason for this phenomenon was the activation of different bone marrow cells that colonize the treated  tumor and secrete enzymes that break up the extracellular matrix, and thereby contribute to the invasiveness of cancer cells and their movement within the tissue until they reach different areas, in other words, become metastases. When she used materials or drugs that neutralized these enzymes, the chemotherapy treatment did not cause metastasis spread.

These findings suggest that chemotherapy has negative side effects not only in terms of its toxicity but that it is even able to increase the factors contributing to processes in the host that bring about a significant contribution to the tumors, and it is very likely that these phenomena contribute to the decrease in effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients. In different clinical cases it was found that sometimes anti-cancer drug therapy does indeed help in significantly reducing the size of the primary tumor, but for some reason, patients’ survival is not extended despite the use of the effective therapy. Possibly, the secretions of various factors by the host, as described in the above papers, contribute to the metastic process that harms the patient and does not extend their survival.

Dr. Yuval Shaked, the research supervisor and the laboratory head, said that “if we find the factors that are secreted by the host and that contribute to the growth of metastases after chemotherapy, then we will have new tools and new cancer targets that are yet to be identified. Blocking these factors in combination with conventional therapy, i.e., chemotherapy, is liable to significantly increase the success of this treatment.”

Dr. John Ebos of the Department of Medicine at Roosevelt Park Cancer Institute agrees that the findings of the two groups of researchers are very important and that they explain why the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited in certain patients and are, therefore, important in helping to find out how to improve the effectiveness of this treatment.

Prof. Sara Courtneidge of the Medical Research Institute in Stanford-Barnham said: “I hope that these papers encourage additional research that will investigate the mechanisms creating metastatic tumor growth that are the results of chemotherapy and consider integrated treatment in light of these mechanisms, because physicians will not stop using chemotherapy.”

Actually, Dr. Shaked’s laboratory, in combination with a number of hospitals in the country and around the world, primarily Rambam Medical Center in Haifa and the Director of Oncology, Prof. Abraham Kuten, HaEmek Medical Center in Afula (Dr. David Loven), as well as the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, Italy (Prof. Francesco Bertolini) are working together in order to investigate whether these worrisome findings in mice also appear prominently in clinical practice and if so, whether these factors can be used to predict which patients will benefit from  what kind of chemotherapy.

Additionally, students, post-doctoral fellows, and employees in Dr. Shaked’s lab – Dr. Ella Fremder, Tali Voloshin, Rotem Bril, Dror Alishekevitz, Michal Munster, Liat Benayoun, and Valeria Miller – are all working hard today on other host components that are likely to be involved in the above mentioned findings. “We are in the midst of a process of establishing a consortium to continue the research on the cancerous effects of chemotherapy drugs and to identify new treatment targets,” says Dr. Shaked. “The consortium at the moment includes academic teams and private companies from Sweden, Greece, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and, of course, Israel.”

The Technion and Monash University of Australia have launched a series of joint lectures, facilitated by the installation of advanced multimedia equipment by TNN Telecom. Monash University is the largest university in the southern hemisphere.

The advanced multimedia system, a gift from the Technion Society of Australia, has been set up in a lecture room in the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management. The lecture series is focused on materials engineering and the use of different materials in aeronautics, and on systems engineering and information systems.

With the opening of the new academic year, the first lecture was given by Prof. Dov Dori, on conceptual modeling and managing systems complexity. The lecturer stood in front of his Israeli class and on screens in front of him saw his Australian class. Both the Israeli students and the Australian students saw him standing and lecturing to them and their interaction was that of a regular classroom in which all the students are present. The sound and picture quality were excellent. The system that had been installed includes a digital video system, an advanced sound system and a digital presentation system. A unique touch screen is installed in the lecturer’s stand and the lecturer can draw on this screen using an electronic pen. What he or she draws is recorded and transmitted to all the students as a supplement to the lecture.

The Dean of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management in the Technion, Prof. Boaz Golany, said that the Technion and the Faculty that he heads intend to strengthen their relations with Monash University and that the cutting-edge equipment opens a wealth of new opportunities and shortens the great geographic distance.

Above: Prof. Golany (on the right) and Prof. Dori (on the left) launching the lecture series, in front of lecturers and students at Monash University. Photo by: Yoav Bechar, Technion Spokesman

The Gold Medal of the Israel Chemical Society for 2011 will be awarded to Professor Dan Shechtman of the Technion, winner of the chemistry Nobel Prize. Prof. Ehud Keinan, President of the Israel Chemical Society, made this announcement indicating that the medal will be awarded at the opening ceremony of the 77 Annual Meeting of the ICS in Kfar HaMaccabiah in Ramat Gan on February 7, 2012. Approximately 1,000 faculty members and students from all universities and technological colleges, chemists and chemical engineers, foreign guests and a large delegation of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley. After the award ceremony, Prof. Shechtman will deliver the first plenary lecture.

The Medal is the highest honor awarded by the ICS, which is considered the oldest and most influential scientific organization in Israel (since 1933). Its main objectives are the promotion of chemistry research and teaching in all levels of schools and higher education, and promoting the chemical industry in Israel.

Prof. Shechtman is joining a distinguished group of medalists: Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover and Ruben Fauncz, all three from the Technion, Joshua Jortner of Tel Aviv University, Ada Yonath, Zeev Luz, Meir Lahav, Leslie Leiserowitz and Meir Wilchek, all five from the Weizmann Institute of Science, and Mr. Eli Hurvitz of Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Prof. Keinan, who also serves as the Editor-in-Chief of the Israel Journal of Chemistry, announced that the journal is devoting a special issue to the topic of quasi-crystals. Their discovery by research professor Dan Schechtman awarded him with Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2011.

Shechtman was born in Tel Aviv on January 24, 1941 and grew up in Ramat Gan and Petah Tikva, was a member of the Hashomer Hatzair movement. In 1962 he began studying at the Technion where he received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in 1966. He continued his studies at the Technion in the faculty of materials engineering where he received his master’s degree in 1968, and Ph.D. in 1972.

Prof. Shechtman was an NRC fellow at the Aerospace Research Laboratories at Wright Patterson AFB,  Ohio,  where he studied for three years the microstructure and physical metallurgy of titanium aluminides. In 1975 he joined the department of materials engineering at Technion. In 1981–1983 he was on Sabbatical at Johns Hopkins University, where he studied rapidly solidified aluminum transition metal alloys, in a joint program with NBS. During this study he discovered the Icosahedral Phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals. Shechtman experienced several years of hostility toward his non-periodic interpretation before others began to confirm and accept it. No less a figure than Linus Pauling said he was “talking nonsense” and “There is no such thing as quasicrystals, only quasi-scientists.” Shechtman’s Nobel Prize winning work was in the area of quasicrystals, ordered crystalline materials lacking repeating structures, such as this Al-Pd-Mn alloy. Through Shechtman’s discovery,  several other groups were able to form similar quasicrystals,  finding these materials to have low thermal and electrical conductivity,  while possessing high structural stability. Quasicrystals have also been found naturally. Quasicrystalline materials could be used in a large number of applications, including the formation of durable steel used for fine instrumentation,  and non-stick insulation for electrical wires and cooking equipment. In 1992–1994 he was on sabbatical at National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he studied the effect of the defect structure of CVD diamond on its growth and properties. Prof. Shechtman’s Technion research is conducted in the Louis Edelstein Center, and in the Wolfson Centre, which is headed by him. He served on several Technion Senate Committees and headed one of them. Shechtman joined the Iowa State faculty in 2004.

Shechtman serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of Iowa, he is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences, member of the National Academy of Engineering of the United States and a member of European Academy of Sciences.

Before winning the Nobel Prize, Shechtman received numerous awards, including the European Materials Research Society Award, EMET Prize in Chemistry, Muriel & David Jacknow Award for Excellence in Teaching, Gregori Aminoff Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Wolf Prize in Physics, the Israel Prize, the Weizmann Science Award, the Rothschild Prize in Engineering, the New England Academic Award of the Technion, the International Award for New Materials of the American Physical Society, and the Physics Award of the Friedenberg Fund for the Advancement of Science and Education.

This may, in the future, help improve the efficiency of 3G solar photovoltaic cells significantly

Technion researchers from the Sara and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronics Center successfully polarized a nanocrystal by changing the composition of the molecules surrounding it. This finding was just published in the prestigious scientific journal, Nature Materials.

Doctoral student, Nir Yaacobi-Gross, under the supervision of the head of the Zisapel Center, Prof. Nir Tessler, exchanged some of the molecules attached to the surface of the nanometric-sized crystal with different molecules whose chemical or atomic group anchoring them to the crystal’s surface was different. The researchers discovered that the lack of uniformity in the molecular covering caused the crystal to partially polarize. The research group led by Prof. Asher Schmidt of the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry also contributed to understanding the molecule-crystal connection process. As the paper shows, this discovery will likely have far-reaching consequences in as far as significantly improving the efficiency of solar cells. The latter are 3G photovoltaic cells that are being intensively developed around the world due to their relatively low cost (and therefore, their suitability for mass production). The solar cells used today are mostly silicon based and are expensive both in terms of production costs and in the energy required to manufacture them. The discovery by the Technion researchers changes the ability of nanocrystals to receive or give electrons to material surrounding it, which essentially means that they have changed the crystal’s characteristics.

 “Nano crystals of different materials are used to develop new light sources and solar cells,” explains Prof. Tessler. “The nanocrystal is produced in a solution, is about 2-8 nanometers in diameter and covered by an organic molecule that stabilizes it and allows the nanocrystal to be dissolved in the proper fluids. In this case the solution is actually an ink containing opto-electronic materials and hence today there is a lot of activity going on around the world designed to integrate these materials in the field of printed electronics that will produce sheets of lights or sheets of solar cells.”

The researchers emphasize that in order to enable the integration of these new materials in opto-electronic devices, it is important to achieve control over their characteristics so as to be able to relate to them as building blocks to be used in engineering an advanced device.

In the early stages of the research in the Zisapel Center, it was found that organic molecules could be used to move the relative location of the particle’s level of energy. What surprised the researchers at this stage was the fact that the most important factor in this move was the atom found at the end of the molecule, which connects to the nanocrystal. The researchers showed that not only can the energy levels of the nanocrystal be moved relative to materials or to other nanocrystals, but that it was possible to change areas of this tiny crystal (approximately 4 nanometers in size) relative to other areas. “This study showed that we had a crystal that is inorganic but surrounded by organic molecules such that it constitutes an entity that is a hybrid of organic and inorganic material,” stresses Prof. Tessler. This distinction requires a change in the theoretical approaches that analyze these crystals and ignore their organic part (the organic molecules attached to them), mostly because “it just contributes to creating a solution.”

In the competition in which young students and architects from 36 countries from around the world participated, presenting 200 innovative architectural projects: Technion graduates won first prize in the Innovativeness in Architecture and Sustainability Buildings Competition held in Italy

They submitted an urban and architectural project for development of open and neglected spaces found in the seam between the cities of Nazareth and Nazareth Elite. A conference center, train station, walking trails, hotel and parking lot will be built at this location to improve the lives of residents and bring life into the area

The winning project, C-Park, won in the category of Planning in Concrete for Students, beating 70 other competition entries. The reasons cited for the project’s winning were its innovativeness in using concrete and the way the design functions on a number of different levels.

The two graduates, both residents of Nazareth, as part of their final project, conducted an extensive geographic study of the area of Nazareth and Nazareth Elite and consequently drew up an urban and architectural plan for the seam between the two cities that includes a conference center, a train station, walking trails, a hotel and a parking lot, all of which are intended to improve the lives of residents and “bring life to the area,” in their words. “Between the cities there is a continuum of open spaces, most of which are abandoned and neglected, between the road skirting Nazareth and the city’s municipal border,” explains Rosan Qubti, the architect designer. “These areas are characterized by their lack of identity; neither of the two cities has any plans to build there and our project proposes to transform this continuum into an open city, a new type of space, open and inviting that will function at many levels, in order to bring people to metropolitan Nazareth and make it more central.”

 “After completing our project we submitted it to this competition and within two weeks received the exciting email informing us that we had won the Concrete Competition for Students,” relates architect Samer Hakim. “We were invited for the three days in Italy, where we attended the competition and exhibition.”

The project was executed in the framework of a joint studio between the Technion and the University of Leuven in Belgium, organized and conducted by the architect Els Verbakel, who chose to focus on Nazareth and Nazareth Elite. Students from the two countries proposed new ideas for developing sites in the area and the studio was held in cooperation with the municipality of Nazareth. As already mentioned, the project by Qubti and Hakim was chosen to represent the studio in the competition. “This is an impressive and inspiring achievement for the Technion,” sums up Els Verbakel.

The two intend to present the project to the municipality of Nazareth Elite, in whose jurisdiction most of the sites fall, in order to see it implemented.

Above: Rosan Qubti and Samer Hakim with their award, in Bologna, Italy. Photo: Technion Spokesman

NEW YORK CITY/HAIFA, ISRAEL – Cornell University and The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology announced today a new partnership to create a world-class applied science and engineering campus in New York City, as outlined by Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

The NYC Tech Campus on Roosevelt Island will combine the full spectrum of both institutions’ academic strengths, as well as Cornell’s entrepreneurial culture and deep connection to the city’s emerging tech sector and the Technion’s global leadership in commercialization and technology transfer. This partnership will transform New York City into a world hub of innovation and technology commercialization.

“By joining forces in this groundbreaking venture, our two great universities will employ our demonstrated expertise, experience and track record of transforming new ideas into solutions to create the global avenues of economic opportunity and tech leadership that Mayor Bloomberg envisions,” said Cornell President David Skorton. “The Technion is the driving force behind the miracle of Israel’s technology economy. Its academic rigor in computer science and engineering and its leadership in technology transfer has helped create one of the largest concentrations of start-ups anywhere and attracted the world’s leading technology companies to Haifa to leverage Technion’s research and its outstanding graduates.”

“We are very proud of the many strengths we bring to this endeavor, and we are excited to be a partner with another of the world’s great research universities,” said Technion President Peretz Lavie. “Cornell‘s globally recognized research and graduates are fueling new technologies and innovative start-ups at the center of New York City’s current tech boom. Cornell is uniquely positioned by its deep connection to the city’s emerging tech sector to serve as a catalyst for the creation of new technologies, jobs and industries in New York City.”

The key attributes of the partnership between Cornell and the Technion underscore the distinctive and practical dimensions of the proposed NYC Tech Campus and its specific focus on strategies to spur innovation and commercialization. An integral part of the campus will be the Technion-Cornell Innovation Institute (TCII), a 50-50 collaboration between the two universities to form a graduate program that will focus on commercialization of immediate relevance to the city’s economic growth.  Second, the campus’ academic hubs will provide an interdisciplinary environment to better prepare students for careers in tech companies, large and small, where the problems to be solved involve using technical knowhow and also expertise in other domains at the heart of the city’s key industries.  Finally, for their degrees, students will be required to take courses that prepare them to be entrepreneurs and early stage investors, fueling the rapid expansion of the tech ecosystem in New York.

The partners will be joining in a full-scale campus – not a satellite of either school – to open in 2012, initially in either leased space or existing Cornell facilities in New York City. The NYC Tech Campus will eventually grow to more than 2 million square feet on Roosevelt Island, accommodating, at full build-out, nearly 2000 graduate students and 250 faculty, as well as visitors and corporate researchers. Cornell and the Technion will collaborate in teaching, educating and advising students. The sustainable campus will include academic and commercialization space, as well as housing and community gardens.

Initially, the NYC Tech Campus will offer Cornell degrees in technical fields such as computer science, electrical and computer engineering, and information science., but the academic programs for these degrees will have unique interdisciplinary requirements related to each of the campus’s academic hubs. Once the proper New York State approvals are received, students also will be able to pursue a dual degree from both the Technion and Cornell.  These programs will provide students with an unparalleled breadth of studies from which they may choose.

More details of the partnership will be outlined in the universities’ proposal to the city, due Oct. 28, said presidents Lavie and Skorton.

“I launched Qualcomm’s first international R&D Center in Haifa, Israel, in 1992, staffed entirely with Technion graduates and purposely located near the campus to take advantage of its great education and research,” said Irwin Jacobs, the founding chairman and CEO of Qualcomm. “Technion, with its many contacts, was a great help in our subsequent worldwide expansion. The Technion’s demonstrated success in translating basic and applied research to job creation complements Cornell’s deep academic strengths and translational activities, providing an extraordinary partnership for the benefit of New York City. Technion and Cornell, working in close collaboration on the new campus, will inspire a next generation of entrepreneurs to pursue innovations by forming start-ups and expanding existing businesses.”

Technion is a global leader in applied research, technology transfer and commercialization and a major force behind Israel’s emergence as the home of one of the greatest concentrations of high-tech start-up companies anywhere in the world.  In partnership with a strong community of incubators, private investors, venture capitalists, angel groups and entrepreneurs, the Technion’s tech transfer arm, Technion Technology Transfer (T3), has filed 300 average annual patents and nurtured scores of innovative startups in sectors such as clean-tech, cell therapy, drug delivery, nanotechnology and others. Companies including Intel, Google, Microsoft, IBM, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Yahoo! and Hewlett-Packard have established their operations near or on the Technion campus, where they can take advantage of the Technion’s research power and outstanding students and graduates.

Technion graduates head 59 of 121 Israeli companies on the NASDAQ, and these companies have a combined market value of over $28 billion.  More than 70 percent of Technion graduates are employed in the high technology sectors that drive Israel’s economic growth.  Today, Israeli companies headed by Technion graduates employ 85 percent of Israel’s technical workforce. And the Technion also has an established presence in New York City with the American Technion Society (ATS) , which maintains a national network of thousands of alumni and supporters and has raised more than $1.65 billion since its founding in 1940, the majority raised in the last decade.

Cornell is known worldwide for its top programs in engineering and computer science, and for its interdisciplinary approach to technology that spans fields from the social sciences to the arts and humanities. Cornell’s entrepreneurial culture and deep connection to every aspect of New York’s tech sector – start-ups and entrepreneurs, existing industry leaders, and venture capital – will make the NYC Tech Campus uniquely positioned to serve as a catalyst for the creation of new technologies, jobs and industries in New York City.

Cornell’s portfolio in New York City includes the world-class Weill Cornell Medical College – where Cornell is now engaged in a $1 billion capital project that includes construction of a new state-of-the-art medical research facility – as well as Cornell Cooperative Extension-New York City, Cornell’s Industrial and Labor Relations in NYC in Midtown and its Architecture, Art and Planning Center in Chelsea, Cornell Financial Engineering Manhattan off Wall Street, Cornell-sponsored Food and Finance High School on the West Side, and various programs in disciplines ranging from labor and employment law to human ecology. The city is now home to almost 50,000 Cornell alumni – including thousands already working in the tech sector – and about 5,000 Cornell employees.

Above: The two presidents, Prof’ Lavie (right) and Prof’ Skorton (left)

Center to specialize in e-commerce basic research

The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Microsoft Research (MSR) and Microsoft Online Services Division (OSD) announced today their intent to co-establish the Academic Research Center for E-Commerce Technologies. The new Research Center will promote and fund basic research in areas of computer science, artificial intelligence, game theory, economic and psychology, focusing on the connections between these subjects in the e-commerce domain. The center is the first academic research program by Microsoft Research in Israel, a part of the Microsoft R&D Center in Israel.

Through the five-year joint research and education partnership, Microsoft Research and The Technion will explore scientific and technological insights in e-commerce, such as online advertising and the use of social networks for commerce. Microsoft will invest $1.5 million (U.S.) over the next five years.  The center will be located at the Technion campus in Haifa, Israel.

The head of the new center will be Professor Moshe Tennenholtz of the faculty for Industrial Engineering and Management. Prof. Tennenholtz has collaborated with Microsoft Research (MSR) for several years and is considered a world-leading expert in E-commerce. Research will be conducted by scientists and research students from several Technion departments along with MSR researchers.

Yoram Yaacovi, General Manager, Microsoft Israel Research and Development Center “Microsoft understands that academia is at the heart of technological innovation and seeks to catalyze innovation in research and curricula in leading academic institutions worldwide. Today’s announcement reflects Microsoft’s ongoing commitment to partnering with academia in developing new and advanced technologies.”

David Ku, Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Advertising R&D: “The joint research center Microsoft Israel is building in collaboration with the Technion is the first of its kind established by Microsoft with Israeli academia – and there are few like it elsewhere in the world. Our goal is to shape a new generation of core technologies for e-commerce that will empower new opportunities for industry and exciting new value for customers. We believe that this cooperation between Microsoft Online Services, Microsoft Research and the Technion has the potential to help usher in the next generation of technology and customer value. “

Professor Boaz Golany, Dean of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management at the Technion: “Microsoft’s decision to establish the research center at the Technion is a very strong statement by one of the giants of global technology regarding the position of the State of Israel at the forefront of information & communication technologies and the strength of the Technion in the areas of science and technology. Our partnership with Microsoft is part of The Technion’s strategy that strives for cooperation with large international companies both because of their ability to support large-scale basic and applied research and because of the fact that in many cases these companies expose our researchers to significant challenges, which by being solved will, to a large extent, determine the technological agenda for the coming decades.”

About Microsoft Research

Microsoft Research is dedicated to conducting both basic and applied research in computer science and software engineering. Researchers focus on more than 60 areas of computing and collaborate with leading academic, government and industry researchers to advance the state of the art. Microsoft Research has expanded over the years to twelve facilities worldwide.

About The Technion

The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology is consistently ranked among the world’s leading science and technology universities. As such, it breeds first-rate scientific and technological innovations, many of which have substantial economic potential, as well as notable graduates that are now leading global tech industries. As Israel’s oldest and premier institute of science and technology, the Technion has been an active and leading participant in Israel’s rapid scientific and industrial growth and has played a pivotal role in transforming Israel`s economy and workforce into a leading high tech/high growth economy

October 5, 2011 – Distinguished Professor Dan Shechtman of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  Of the five Israeli scientists to have ever won the Nobel Prize, three are Technion professors.

Prof. Shechtman, of the Technion’s Department of Materials Engineering and holder of the Philip Tobias Chair in Materials Science, won the award for his 1982 discovery of Quasicrystals, an entirely new form of matter with a structure that scientists previously thought was impossible.

Israel’s President Shimon Peres called Prof. Shechtman to congratulate him: “I salute you, you gave the people of Israel a wonderful gift. This is a great day for Haifa, a great day for the Technion.”

“That an Israeli has once again been awarded a Nobel Prize is a mark of distinction for Israeli science in general and for the Technion,” said Technion President Peretz Lavie.  “And the fact that this is the third Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Technion researchers in eight years is a clear indicator of the world-class research being done here.”

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Shechtman’s discovery fundamentally changed the way chemists look at solid matter. It initially faced strong objections from the scientific community.

Since then, Quasicrystals have been produced in laboratories and a Swedish company found them in one of the most durable kinds of steel, which is now used in products such as razor blades and thin needles made specifically for eye surgery, the Nobel citation said.

Scientists are also experimenting with using Quasicrystals in coatings for frying pans, heat insulation in engines, and in light emitting diodes (LEDs).

On April 8, 1982, when Shechtman first observed crystals with a 10-point pentagonal symmetry in the NBS laboratory in Maryland, crystallography had long been considered a “closed field” promising no revolutionary breakthroughs. Shechtman’s groundbreaking quasiperiodic structure was first described in Physical Review Letters in 1984, marking the birth of a new scientific field of Quasiperiodic crystals.

The scientific community, led by two-time Nobel laureate Linus Pauling, rejected Shechtman’s findings, but in 1987, the pattern which had previously been considered contrary to the laws of nature was observed with the help of the electron microscope.

More than 40 scientific books have been dedicated to Quasiperiodic crystals, and hundreds of materials are known to exist with the structure discovered by Shechtman.  In the wake of his discovery and its proof, the International Society of Crystallographers changed its basic definition of a crystal.

Prof. Shechtman’s Nobel Prize follows many other prestigious awards including the Aminoff Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2000), Wolf Foundation Prize in Physics (1999), Israel Prize in Physics (1998), Weizmann Prize in Science (1993),  Rothschild Prize in Engineering (1990) and the International Award for New Materials of the American Physical Society (1987).  He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Academy of Engineering.

Above: Distinguished Professor Dan Shechtman

Receive $20,000 & go on to the finals to be held in November in the U.S.

Yaron Ratcher, Polina Federman, Avner Bar and Aviv Gadot are the members of the Technion team. Yaron is a computer science major, Aviv is an electrical engineering major, Avner graduated with a degree in computer science and Polina graduated from the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management. The idea for their venture emerged from the entrepreneurship course given by Prof. Uzi De-Haan of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management at the Technion.

 “In the BizTECH competition, we weren’t quite so ready,” they say. “We were disappointed when we didn’t win but we kept going. We learned a lot from the competition, we corrected the mistakes we saw we’d made and kept going.”

180 teams from Western and Eastern Europe participated in the competition, which was held in Poland. Nine of these teams made it into the final round. The Technion team was included among the four finalists from Eastern Europe. The first place among the Western European teams was won by two young women from Denmark who applied for a patent for their development of an ozone-based sunscreen.

The Technion team immediately invested the $20,000 they won in their venture and hope that this is only the beginning.

In the picture (from right to left): Polina Federman, Avner Bar, Yaron Ratcher, Aviv Gado. Photo by: Technion Spokesman