{"id":84717,"date":"2021-02-17T05:58:05","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T03:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/"},"modified":"2021-02-17T05:58:05","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T03:58:05","slug":"hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/en\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Professor Jeff Steinhauer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Stephen Hawking predicted that a black hole \u2013 a celestial object with such strong gravity that nothing can escape its grip \u2013 radiates like an ordinary warm object (a \u201cblack body,\u201d which emits constant radiation that depends solely on its temperature), like a star.\u00a0As such, not only should black holes emit radiation, but this \u201cHawking radiation\u201d from a black hole should be constant over time, like the radiation from a black body.\u00a0The temperature of the Hawking radiation is determined by the surface gravity. The stronger the force of gravity on the surface of the black hole, the higher the temperature. Though Hawking\u2019s prediction is almost 50 years old, it has not yet been measured in real (celestial) black holes due to the very low Hawking radiation temperature expected, at the nano Kelvin scale or lower.<\/span><\/p>\n

The group led by Professor Jeff Steinhauer of the Technion Physics Department created a sonic black hole \u2013 a system from which sound waves cannot escape, in analogy with real black holes from which not even light can escape beyond a spherical surface termed the event horizon. In a January 4, 2021 paper in <\/span>Nature Physics<\/span><\/i>, the group showed that stationary Hawking radiation is indeed emitted from a sonic black hole.\u00a0They measured 97,000 repetitions of the experiment, corresponding to 124 days of continuous measurement, and observed spontaneous Hawking radiation at six different times after the formation of the sonic black hole, and verified that the temperature and strength of the radiation remained constant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Furthermore, they followed the evolution of Hawking radiation throughout the life of the sonic black hole, and compared and contrasted it with predictions for real black holes.\u00a0As expected, they first observed the ramp-up of Hawking radiation, which was similar to the ramp-up expected during the formation of a real black hole, followed by the predicted stationary spontaneous emission.<\/span><\/p>\n

The end of the constant Hawking radiation in the sonic black hole was marked by the formation of an inner horizon, a spherical surface within the sonic black hole, inside of which the sound waves are no longer trapped. This inner horizon radiated outwards and stimulated additional Hawking radiation, resulting in rapid growth of the Hawking radiation beyond the spontaneous emission.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe experimental results of Professor Steinhauer are of great importance and interest,\u201d said Professor Amos Ori, also of the Technion Physics Department and an expert in the field of general relativity and black holes. \u201cJeff measures stationary Hawking radiation emitted from a sonic black hole, in agreement with Hawking’s theoretical prediction. This gives very significant experimental support to Hawking’s analysis, which gets experimental approval for the first time in Jeff’s experiments.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAt the same time,\u201d added Prof. Ori, \u201cthe present experiment also showed that after a certain period, the radiation emitted from the system begins to intensify significantly, probably due to the development of stimulated radiation following the formation of the inner horizon. This is a phenomenon that is no longer included in Hawking’s analysis, so it is much more interesting to me.\u00a0 The phenomena observed in this experiment immediately raise the following question: <\/span>Can real black holes also emit strong stimulated radiation, as Jeff\u2019s sonic black hole did in the experiment?<\/span><\/i> To me, this is a fascinating question and is of critical importance to the physics of black holes as well as astrophysics and cosmology.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

These ground-breaking measurements give the scientific community valuable insights regarding the nature of black holes, sonic and celestial. \u201cOur new long-term goal\u201d, concluded Prof. Steinhauer, \u201cis to see what happens when one goes beyond the approximations used by Hawking, in which the Hawking radiation is quantum, but spacetime is classical.\u00a0 In other words, we would take into account that the analogue black hole is composed of pointlike atoms.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Home page of\u00a0Jeff Steinhauer:<\/span> https:\/\/phsites.technion.ac.il\/atomlab\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Click here<\/a><\/strong><\/span> for the paper in Nature Physics<\/b><\/p>\n

Written by Dr Efrat Sabach: Faculty of Physics<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stephen Hawking predicted that a black hole \u2013 a celestial object with such strong gravity that nothing can escape its grip \u2013 radiates like an ordinary warm object (a \u201cblack body,\u201d which emits constant radiation that depends solely on its temperature), like a star.\u00a0As such, not only should black holes emit radiation, but this \u201cHawking… Continue Reading Hawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole - \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05df-\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/en\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole - \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05df-\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Stephen Hawking predicted that a black hole \u2013 a celestial object with such strong gravity that nothing can escape its grip \u2013 radiates like an ordinary warm object (a \u201cblack body,\u201d which emits constant radiation that depends solely on its temperature), like a star.\u00a0As such, not only should black holes emit radiation, but this \u201cHawking… Continue Reading Hawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/en\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05df-\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-17T03:58:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"shlomi ben-oz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"shlomi ben-oz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/en\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.technion.ac.il\/en\/blog\/hawking-radiation-and-the-sonic-black-hole\/\",\"name\":\"Hawking Radiation and the Sonic Black Hole - 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