Jacob Bear

Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

October 2 - 6, 2000

Prague, Czech Republic

(a) Lectures - 20 hours - on conceptual and mathematical modeling of flow and contaminant transport, with classroom exercises and discussion of case studies; (b) 12 hours (including evening sessions) on numerical solution techniques, and hands-on computer lab., with NUFT, a computer program for Nonisothermal Unsaturated Flow Transport, developed by Dr. John J. Nitao at LLNL; (c) One lecture and computer lab with dual porosity model developed by Dr. T. Vogel

All lectures will be given in English.

Groundwater constitutes an important component of water supply systems for domestic use, industry, and agriculture. With increased use, sometimes above permissible levels, groundwater quality often deteriorates. In recent years, public attention has been focused on groundwater contamination by hazardous industrial waste, by leachate from landfills, by oil spills, by agricultural activities, and by sites of radioactive waste repositories, to mention but a few of the more acute pollution sources. In most cases, the source of contamination is above ground surface, with contaminants passing through the unsaturated zone on their way to an underlying aquifer.

Good management of water resources requires the ability to forecast the response of the managed system, e.g., an aquifer, to planned operations, such as pumping, recharging, and control of conditions at aquifer boundaries. Any planning of mitigation, cleanup, or control measures, requires forecasting the path and fate of the contaminants in both the unsaturated zone and the aquifer. The tool for prediction is the numerical model that simulates the flow and pollution movement and transformation. The construction of good models should be based on a thorough understanding of what happens within the modelled domain and on its boundaries, including chemical and biological processes, on our ability to express this information in the compact form of a well posed mathematical model and, eventually, in the form of a numerical one. Predictions of the response of the investigated domain to planned activities are obtained by solving the latter. The solution is achieved by employing numerical techniques and appropriate computer programs. Many such programs for flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface are now available.

To provide insight into the various aspects of the modeling process, and to train participants: (a) in the construction of conceptual and complete mathematical models of flow and pollution transport in the subsurface, and (b) in solving flow and pollution problems by numerical techniques, using the computer program NUFT, a code developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, for solving 2- to 3-phase flow problems in the subsurface (including nonisothermal conditions), (c) in solving flow and transport in soilsin which the preferential flow was detected.

NUFT (Nonisothermal Unsaturated-Saturated Flow and Transport) is an integrated suite of numerical models that solve the equations describing three-dimensional flow of multiple multicomponent fluid phases in the subsurface, and the associated contaminant transport problems in both the vadose and the saturated zones. Included are cases where contaminants are volatile or when a free product is present. A nonisothermal mode can be easily activated. Full dynamic switching of primary variables is performed when phases disappear or reappear, e.g., during complete volatilization of a NAPL, or soil drying. The integrated finite-difference method is used to numerically discretize the balance equations. A PC version of NUFT will be distributed and used in the course.

The course is intended primarily for practicing engineers, scientists, and modelers in the fields of water resources, groundwater, and environmental engineering. However, the course should be of value also to graduate students at the Ph.D and M.Sc. levels, to researchers, and to faculty members.

ECTS equivalent: 3 credits.

Introduction: What is a model? Role of models in management. The modeling process. Definition of a porous medium. The continuum approach to modeling phenomena of transport in porous media.

Darcy's Law: Darcy's law and its extensions to inhomogeneous fluids and to heterogeneous and anisotropic media. Aquifer transmissivity. The 'essentially horizontal flow approximation' for modeling flow in aquifers. The Dupuit approximation for phreatic aquifers.

Modeling flow in 3-D domains: Effective stress. Solid matrix deformation. Specific storativity. Basic mass balance equation for 3-D flow domains. Initial and boundary conditions. The complete mathematical 3-D flow model.

Modeling 2-D flow in aquifer domains: Aquifer storativity. Basic mass balance equations for confined, phreatic and leaky aquifers. Initial and boundary conditions. The complete mathematical model of flow in aquifers. Regional groundwater balances.

Modeling multiphase flow: Multiphase contaminant transport. Surface tension. Capillarity and retention curves. Single and multiphase motion equations. Effective permeability. Mass Balance equations. Initial and boundary conditions. Complete models of single and multiphase flows in the unsaturated zone. Vapour movement. Nonisothermal conditions.

Modeling subsurface contamination: Hydrodynamic dispersion of contaminants in saturated and unsaturated domains. Advective, dispersive and diffusive fluxes. The component balance equation. Adsorption, decay, chemical reactions, volatilization, and other source and sink phenomena. Initial and boundary conditions. Complete model of contaminant transport in saturated flow. Nonaqueous liquid phase contaminants. Volatile components. Chemical reactions. Complete model for multiple multicomponent phases. Advection only and travel time analysis. Scale effects and macrodispersion. Remediation of contaminated subsurface.

Jacob Bear, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Zafer Demir, LLNL UC Livermore

Tomas Vogel, Milena Císlerová and Jana Valentová, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University

Jacob Bear is a professor emeritus in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. He received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, and honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology and from ETH, Zurich. He is a fellow of AGU and recipient of the Brisdall Distinguished Lectureship in Hydrogeology as well as the 1990 Science Award by NWWA. In 1998, he was awarded in Israel the prestigious Rothschild Prize in Engineering. His teaching, research and consulting cover the areas of groundwater hydrology, management of water resources, water policy, groundwater contamination and remediation, and the theory of transport phenomena in porous media. Prof. Bear has been acting as consultant on groundwater hydrology, and management of water resources to the Ministry of Agriculture, Israel, to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and to government and private companies in Israel and abroad. His well known books include Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Materials (Elsevier, 1972; Dover, 1988), Hydraulics of Groundwater (McGraw-Hill, 1979), Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution (co-author A. Verruijt; Reidel, 1987), and Introduction to Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Media (co-author Y. Bachmat; Kluwer, 1990). These books are used by students and practitioners all over the world. Prof. Bear is the editor of the international journal Transport in Porous Media.. He has been teaching short courses for engineers and scientists on Groundwater Hydrology, Management of Water Resources, and Modeling Flow and Pollution of Groundwater at many universities around the world.

Participating IAHR members obtain a fee reduction of 20% ($480) and active IAHR-EGH network partners a fee reduction of 50% ($300).

A limited number of scholarships for participants from the former Eastern Block countries is available, covering full or partial tuition fee.

Enrolment is limited to 20 participants. Early registration is advised. A full refund (minus bank expenses) will be made if cancellation notice is received not later than two weeks before the beginning of the course.

Lectures will be given at the facilities of CTU, Faculty of Civil Engineering Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic.

Accommodation will be booked at the Krystal Hotel, which is a part of the Center of Continuing Education of CTU. The hotel provides single rooms for about $50/night. The booking has to be done untill September 4th, after that time the rooms will be released for sale. To make the reservation in Krystal, please contact Dr. Cislerova. A list of hotels can be provided if you wish to book other accomodations.

The course will take place Monday, October, 2^nd, through Friday, 6th, 2000, with daily lectures 8.30 to 10.00am, 10.30 to 12.00am, 1.00 to 2.30pm, 3.00 to 4.30pm. Three evening sessions: 5.00 to 7.00pm.

Lecture notes will be supplied to the participants during the course, including selected parts from a new book under preparation by Prof. Bear.

Bear, J. and A. Verruijt, Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, 1987.

or contact:

The IAHR-EGH (European Graduate School of Hydraulics) offers short courses on a high academic level.

The complete Course Calendar is presented on the WWW at: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/iws/IAHR/home.html

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CTU Prague – MFCTS Course 2000

(  ) Deposit to:

For USD: Account No.: 19-6559020237/0100

Variable symbol: 26143

Account owner: CTU FCE Prague

For CZK: Account No.: 19-5504610227/0100

Variable symbol: 26143

Account owner: CTU FCE Prague

Milena Císlerová

CTU, Faculty of Civil Engineering

Thakurova 7

16629 Prague 6

Czech Republic