Design of Intelligent Building Skins: Maximizing Thermal and Visual Comfort while Improving Energy Performance
Ph.D.Thesis
ABSTRACT:
Facades are the interface between inside and outside
environments. They also account for approximately a third of total
building energy consumption in hot climates. Ideally, in order to
achieve an energy-efficient building, they should adapt to every
situation presented both by exterior weather conditions and by users
themselves. The concept of adaptation is also part of what defines
intelligence; thus introducing the idea of a “conscious” or
“intelligent” building skin that can provide an adequate
response and adapt to different challenges.
This study explores elements to design intelligent facades in hot
climates, by using the analogy of building envelope as a protective,
adaptable skin that uses the least energy possible.
The state of the art in the field of intelligent facade design is
presented through five built examples, detailing their resolution of
climatic strategies.
A classification system is proposed for elements of an intelligent
facade in hot climates. It is based on basic processes fulfilled by
intelligent beings, adapted into robotics and artificial intelligence.
This is complemented by an explanation of relevant architectural
concepts influencing energy behaviour of facades.
Adequate climatic strategies for intelligent facades in hot climates
were determined according to the new Israel Standard for energy rating
SI 5282. A comparison of different design strategies was made through
energy and visual comfort evaluations incorporating responsive
behaviours. This helped to determine best design strategies and timing
within the architectural design process.
A computerized design assistant tool was developed during the course
of this research, called NewFacades.
Its value resides in suggesting intelligent facade combinations from
early design stages, which is uncommon today. These combinations are
evaluated with EnergyPlus, a late-stage energy simulation tool.
The research provides a series of practical guidelines for the
implementation of intelligent facades in hot climates for both new and
existing projects.
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